Gemstone 寶石

cheungchunto

A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments. However, certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli, opal, and obsidian) and occasionally organic materials that are not minerals (such as amber, jet, and pearl) are also used for jewelry and are therefore often considered to be gemstones as well. Most gemstones are hard, but some soft minerals are used in jewelry because of their luster or other physical properties that have aesthetic value. Rarity and notoriety are other characteristics that lend value to gemstones.

Apart from jewelry, from earliest antiquity engraved gems and hardstone carvings, such as cups, were major luxury art forms. A gem expert is a gemologist, a gem maker is called a lapidarist or gemcutter; a diamond cutter is called a diamantaire.
（https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone）

寶石（也稱為優質寶石、珠寶、寶石、半寶石或簡稱為寶石）是一塊礦物晶體，經過切割和拋光後可用於製作珠寶或其他裝飾品。然而，某些岩石（如青金石、蛋白石和黑曜石）和偶爾非礦物的有機材料（如琥珀、黑玉和珍珠）也可用於製作珠寶，因此通常也被視為寶石。大多數寶石是堅硬的，但一些軟礦物因其光澤或其他具有審美價值的物理特性而被用於珠寶中。稀有性和知名度是賦予寶石價值的其他特徵。

除了珠寶，從最早的古代雕刻寶石和硬石雕刻，如杯子，都是主要的奢侈藝術形式。 寶石專家是寶石學家，寶石製造商被稱為寶石學家或寶石切割師； 鑽石切割機被稱為 diamantaire。

價值
合成品的價值和價格通常都取決於以下幾個因素：

品種
質素，包括以下各項：
顏色（colour）一般是指黃，藍，白，黑，紫等顏色
淨度（clarity）9.9%
大小為毫米為計量單位
切工一般所指是橢圓、圓形切割等
社會因素（時尚、國家、地區、職業、民族、文化層次、個人愛好……）
生產能力（生產過程、生產率……）
／03 2023

cheungchunto

寶石學是一門學問，有些人有慧根，便很快學會。